Plant Growth-Bean

Bean Plant Growth

Growth

                                                                                                                  

  Corn and Bean Plants Beginning and End Products

Meristem: tissue consisting of undifferentiated cells
                     -gives rise to various organs
                     -keeps it growing
Primary Growth: occurs at apical meristems and lengthens stems and roots

 Secondary Growth: increases girth of  root or stem & is a result of activity of vascular cambium

Vascular Cambium: lateral meristem that forms secondary tissue & is located between the xylem and phloem

Cork Cambium: secondary meristem that develops in region outside vascular tissues & produces periderm

Auxin:
   -development of embryo
   -leaf formation
   -phototropism
   -root initiation

Cytokinin:
   -promotes cell division in roots and shoots
   -bud growth
   -leaf senescence

Tropism: turning of all or part of an organism in a particular direction in response to an external stimulus (picture of the bean cotyledon)

Family Relationships

 Dicot Characteristics:

• the seeds have two cotyledons
• the flowers usually have four or five floral parts
• three pores of furrow in pollen grains
• vascular bundles arranged like a ring in the stem
• In monocot plants, the first shoot that emerges from the ground or from the seed is the epicotyl, from which the first shoots and leaves emerge.
•  The Tap root system is deep with a long primary root.  Less important secondary roots branch off.
• net array of leaf veins

Monocot Characteristics:

• the seeds have only one cotyledon
• the flowers usually have three floral parts
•  In the Fibrous root system of Monocots, the primary root is almost non-existent. The secondary roots are important in absorption, but are not as deep as the primary root of most dicots.  
• In dicots, the hypocotyl is what appears to be the base stem under the spent withered cotyledons, and the shoot just above that is the epicotyl. 
• vascular bundles distributed ground tissue of a stem
• one pore or furrow in pollen grain
• parallel array of leaf veins

 Related Species:

• Dicot-figs, daisies, tomato plants, and celery
• Monocot- ginger, orchid, banana, and wheat 

Side Note:  Even though my two babies are very different in the way they grow into darling plants we are all one big happy family thanks to Jonah at the plant adoption agency.  These babies are my world and I think they have grown up to be beautiful plants.

Life Cycle

Alterations of Generations: The regular alternation of forms or of mode of reproduction in the life cycle of an organism, such as the alternation between diploid and haploid phases, or between sexual and asexual reproductive cycles.  It is a type of life cycle found in some algae, fungi, and all plants where an organism alternates between a haploid (n) gametophyte generation and a diploid (2n) sporophyte generation.  A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte).


Side Note: My babies didn't start out being my babies but over the course of about 8 weeks they have become my pride and joy. Its so hard to believe that they started out by going through meiosis, becoming spores, going through mitosis, then becoming gametes, getting fertilized and becoming a zygote and then they came to that agency and Jonah really helped me out with getting the best seeds.

Reproduction of a Flower

Stamen: the pollen-producing organ of the flower, which consists of the anther and filament

• Anther-pollen-bearing portion of the stamen
• Filament-the stem like structure that supports the anther

Carpel: a single pistil

• Stigma-the part of the pistil that receives the pollen
• Style-slender part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma

• Ovary-the enlarged lower part of the pistil in angiospermous plants, enclosing the ovules or young seeds.  

Petal: one of the often colored segments of a flower
Ovule: a rudimentary seed
Sepal: one of the individual leaves or parts of the calyx of a flower
Receptacle: the modified or expanded portion of the stem or axis that bears the organs of a single flower or the florets of a flower head.


 Steps of Reproduction:

1.  pollen lands on stigma
2. pollen tube grows to ovary
3. egg is fertilized
4. the seed forms after fertilization
5. when the seed is ready, it disperses
6. the seed will then be carried somewhere by wind, or some other force of nature and land somewhere and germinate
   

 

Corn Plants 1

This would have to be may favorite picture of my baby Pop, and I am not trying to single out Dean but Pop just looks so cute in this picture.  Her stem is visible now and you can see by the color of the dirt that its not wet which means that the roots have been doing a good job soaking up the water and nutrients.

Food Delivery

Translocation: movement of materials from laves to other tissues

   -ex: plants produce carbohydrates inleaves, but other nonphotosynthetic parts need them too, so they are translocated.

Phloem: tissue that carries nutrients. Made of long, continuous strands called vascular bundles that extend throught roots and stems

Nutrient & Water Delivery

 Side Note: This was the day that I first got my babies and I will never forget it.  The only thing that would have made it any better would have been if i could have had them when they were seeds.

Transpiration: process by which plants give off water into the atmosphere in form of water vapor

Turger Pressure:  forces water out through the cell wall. Water is collected in intercellular spaces.

Vascular Tissue: supporting and conductive tissue, consisting of     xylem and phloem. It conducts water and minerals upward through the roots

Xylem: contains long cells that transport water

Stomata/Guard Cells: thick inner walls that fill with water during daytime and lose the water at night by opening

How Soil Contributes: chemical composition, nutrients, water, anchoring plants

Casparian Strip: band of cell wall material used to block passive flow of materials into stele of plant

Corn-Structure and Function

Whorl: a circular arrangement of like parts, as leaves or flowers, around a point on an axis

Coleoptile: the first leaf above the ground, forming a sheath around the stem tip.

Mesocotyl: an elongated portion of the axis between the cotyledon and the coleoptile of a grass seedling 

Nodal Roots: the permentant roots of the corn plant


Radicle: the lower part of the axis of an embryo; the primary root.

Bean-Structure and Function

Node/Internode: a part of the stem that produces a leaf is a node and an internode is the portion between the two nodes.


Root Hairs: used to absorb nutrients and water from the soil
Lateral Roots: roots that extend horizontally from the primary root, serves as support to hold the plant securely in the soil
Primary Roots: the first root produced by a germinating seed
Tap Root: the main root

Bud: an undeveloped rudimentary stem or branch of a plant

Leaf: one of the lateral out growths of the plant.
Cuticle: a waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that prevents desiccation of plants

Baby Dean (bean plant) Day 12 and 14

Baby Dean is really starting to grow up now. You can see in these two pictures that Dean is now a seedling not just a cotyledon and here pretty soon his leaves will start to form.







The container that Dean is growing in is a plastic 2-liter bottle.  The reason that Dean is doing so well in his habitat is because with a plastic bottle i poked holes in the bottom to let the extra water run out so it wouldn't get too wet in the bottle.  Since Dean is still very young his roots can't absorb very much water at once, and so the holes at the bottom allow that water he doesn't use to be released. 

Baby Dean (bean plant) Day 9

Today was the most exciting day because baby Dean started to come up out of the soil.
This is the best picture of the cotyledon just starting to show.

Baby Dean (bean plant) Day 1

Since my darling Dean did not come to me before he started growing I did not get a picture of his seed, so this is a labeled photo of Dean's seed before he was put into the soil.  It shows the cotyledons which are the leaves of the embryo that store food in the form of starch and protein. Because there are two cotyledons, the bean seed is considered a dicot seed.
The epicotyl is the stem of a seedling or embryo located between the cotyledons and the first true leaves and the hypocotyl is the part of the embryo below the cotyledons.